Hysteria Revista de sexualidad y cultura
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En la tele suelen poner en los días flojos la película de Mujer Bonita. La gente está habituada a este tipo de historias en donde una chica pobre desdeñada socialmente y, que lleva una vida gacha, tendrá la fortuna de ser rescatada por un príncipe. Quien (lamentablemente) la haya visto comprenderá, pues, que con estos mensajes se promueve y reproduce la jerarquización del poder dentro de la sociedad de, por ejemplo, los hombres blancos y adinerados sobre las personas con menos dinero o, de los hombres sobre las mujeres y jóvenes, etcétera.
En este marco, el argumento de la película antes citada no alcanza siquiera a pincelar el fenómeno de la prostitución como la realidad social y económica de gran complejidad que es; ni, mucho menos, el arraigo de estas actividades en todas las culturas humanas, las formas de tensión entre la asistencia social y sexual, la liberación de los cuerpos, una forma de empleo o un modo de vida consensual o, al contrario, una decisión impuesta, que viola los derechos humanos de mujeres, niñas y niños cuando son utilizados en el mercado de la sexualidad.
~ ♥ ~ ♥ ~
En el cine existen varias películas que exploran historias sobre la prostitución y que involucran situaciones mucho más diversas e interesantes:
- Por ejemplo, la novela de Vargas Llosa llevada al cine, Pantaleón y las visitadoras (Dir. Francisco J. Lombardi, 2000), habla de un grupo de trabajadoras sexuales que “sacuden” la vida ordinaria de un pelotón de soldados, poniendo un ejemplo de prostitución de tipo asistencial.
- Todo sobre mi madre (Dir. Pedro Almodóvar, 1999); El callejón de los milagros (Dir. Jorge Fons, 1995); Poderosa Afrodita (Dir. Woody Allen, 1995); Lugar sin límites (Dir. Arturo Ripstein, 1977) analizan la prostitución de tipo civil, en donde el comercio sexual se hace con una clientela regular y en sitios específicos y que problematiza sobre todo el tipo de desenlace en la vida de quienes son más allegados a los personajes.
- En Party Girl (Dira. Marie Amachoukeli-Barsacq, 2014); Breakfast in Pluto (Dir. Neil Jordan, 2005); Bella de día (Dir. Luis Buñuel, 1967); My own private Idaho (Dir. Gus van Sant, 1991); Amor a la vuelta de la esquina (Dir. Alberto Cortés, 1985), la prostitución como un modo de vida elegido, son tres cintas muy audaces donde los conflictos se centran más en una existencia marcada por la individualidad y la autodeterminación, algo así como un «dejarlo todo y fluir»,
- The girlfriend experience (Dir. Steven Soderbergh, 2009); Boca a boca (Dir. Manuel Gómez Pereira, 1995), abordan la prostitución como una cotidianidad, como un empleo cualquiera, y muestran sin maniqueísmos la intimidad y el día a día de dos trabajadores sexuales.
- Living las Vegas (Dir. Mike Figgis, 1995); Pedro Navaja (Dir. Alfonso Rosas Priego, 1984); Taxi driver (Dir. Martin Scorcesse, 1976), resaltan la crudeza de la explotación sexual.
- Y algunas otras, más desgarradoras, muestran cómo operan las organizaciones criminales en cuanto a la trata de personas: La mosca en la ceniza (Dira. Gabriela David, 2010); Promesas del Este (Dir. David Cronenberg, 2007); Lilja 4-ever (Dir. Lukas Moodysson, 2002); Las Poquianchis (Dir. Felipe Cazals, 1976).
- Finalmente, la prostitución como una forma de subsistencia, aquí se exhiben las vidas de algunos personajes marginales y aislados socialmente, historias con finales bastante trágicos, Monster (Dira. Patty Jenkins, 2003); La Virgen de los sicarios (Dir. Fernando Vallejo, 1990); Midnight Cowboy (Dir. John Schlesinger, 1969); Aventurera (Dir. Alberto Gout, 1949); Salón México (Dir. Emilio “el indio” Fernández, 1948)…
Al respecto de este tema tan controversial y revisando nuestras sugerencias cinéfilas, habría que hacer un análisis más profundo sobre las construcciones culturales de la experiencia de los hombres y de lo que implica desarrollarse bajo “las identidades de género y la sexualidad”, además de preguntarnos cómo es que se dan hoy las interacciones entre hombres y mujeres dentro de este ámbito.
Por SALCON | Magalli Salazar_ febrero 2016
REFERENCIAS
Giddens, Anthony (2010). Sociología. Alianza Editorial.
Ríos de la Torre, Guadalupe La Prostitución: Fenómeno Humano. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco. Ver:
http://www.azc.uam.mx/publicaciones/tye/tye14/art_hist_01.html
