Teoría queer y pedagogía

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por Fernando Zarco Hernández

Con este texto comparto una experiencia docente en la Licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UPN), una institución pública de educación superior creada en 1978 con la finalidad de formar profesionales de la educación en licenciatura y posgrado, para atender las necesidades del sistema educativo nacional y de la sociedad mexicana en general, bajo el lema “Educar para transformar”. Actualmente cuenta con 70 unidades en todo el país, una de ellas en la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán.

En ella, la licenciatura en Pedagogía contempla materias optativas en los últimos semestres, con la finalidad de acercar al estudiantado a determinados campos de formación. Con varios y varias colegas, decidimos diseñar un conjunto de materias optativas sobre educación inclusiva, con el propósito de contar con herramientas conceptuales necesarias para realizar proyectos educativos con este enfoque. En este contexto propuse la materia de perspectiva de género, con la finalidad de revisar aportaciones de esta categoría para fomentar la educación inclusiva, a partir de la corporalidad como un aspecto central en la producción y difusión del conocimiento.

Las aportaciones de esta asignatura van más allá de la simple categorización sexual. Se trata de comprender la clasificación de las personas en función de su corporalidad para crear jerarquías naturalizadas. De ahí la organización de contenidos en cuatro bloques:

1. La perspectiva de género presenta un panorama general sobre la categoría género y su aplicación en el conocimiento científico.
2. Teoría queer y teoría crip analiza la relación entre la corporalidad y el poder, a partir de las teorías queer, crip y la interseccionalidad.
3. Cuerpo y tecnología se enfoca en las tecnologías del cuerpo y del género, desde el paradigma posthumanista, para incorporar sus propuestas en la educación inclusiva.
4. El programa finaliza con un bloque sobre arte corporal, con la finalidad de explorar sus posibilidades educativas, a partir de la desnaturalización y repolitización del cuerpo.

El curso fue pensado en la modalidad presencial, sin embargo tuvo que desarrollarse de manera virtual debido a la contingencia sanitaria del 2020, por lo que subí los contenidos y actividades de cada bloque a una plataforma digital educativa. Al final, solicité un video donde expresaran lo que más les había interesado del curso, como actividad grupal y de retroalimentación.

El resultado fue interesante porque la mayoría mencionó la teoría queer como el tema que más les había gustado. Entre los motivos que dieron están los siguientes:

• Critica y cuestiona la heteronormatividad.
• Ofrece nuevas interpretaciones sobre la identidad, la sexualidad y la belleza.
• Intenta romper esquemas de género y sexo.
• Ayuda a ampliar nuestro paradigma sobre el movimiento LGBT+.
• Habla sobre la influencia que existe entre la cultura y la sociedad para que se construya el género y la sexualidad de cada persona.
• Tiene una mirada crítica y cuestiona la realidad.
• Es importante que los educadores la conozcamos.

Los otros temas citados en el video fueron la teoría crip, porque hace énfasis en la crítica de la normalización de los cuerpos con personas con discapacidad; la perspectiva de género, porque sirve para mejorar la vida de las personas; el arte corporal, como una estrategia para la educación inclusiva e intercultural; cuerpo y tecnología, por la manera en que hoy en día se incorporan las tecnologías al cuerpo humano y la creatividad que estas conllevan; el capacitismo, porque explica la creencia errónea de que algunas capacidades son mejores que otras y el posthumanismo, porque nos enseña a ver la vida de una manera distinta.

Además de identificar que la teoría queer fue el tema más ‘taquillero’, esta actividad sirvió para recibir una retroalimentación del curso en general. La educación es un proceso comunicativo, cuando recibimos una respuesta del grupo se genera un diálogo, es muy satisfactorio saber que la preparación y el desarrollo del curso tiene resultados. Sobre todo cuando se trata de cambiar lo presencial por lo virtual a última hora.

Semblanza del autor:

Fernando Zarco Hernández: Doctor y maestro en psicología social, licenciado en psicología e ingeniero en sistemas computacionales. Actualmente es profesor universitario, cansado del capitalismo académico. Busca repolitizar el cuerpo mediante la investigación sobre sexualidad, drogas y tecnologías. https://fernandozarco.wordpress.com/