Hysteria Revista de sexualidad y cultura
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Por Patricia Catalán Benítez, Vicky Martínez Stumpf y Sandra Ciro Contreras
A través de este manto inmortalizamos
tu canto nunca más silenciado por el desamor
y el olvido.
(Extractos de conversaciones entre tres migrantes latinas y feministas)
Los complejos conflictos que atraviesan la realidad latinoamericana tienen raíces coloniales. Este relato (siempre) incompleto de nuestra identidad y territorio, parece escrito por el lado opuesto de la punta del lápiz. Somos pueblos sin historia, países sin verdad y una región sin memoria.
En los ritos mortuorios de la cultura precolombina Paracas, se envolvía el cuerpo del difunto en un manto textil portador de significativos diseños: chamanes, colores y patrones geométricos; con el cual buscaban la inmortalidad al vestir y acompañar de manera sagrada al espíritu que seguía su camino hacia la otra vida.
Aunque muchísimos pueblos indígenas siguen resistiendo en todo América, gran parte de las prácticas rituales han sido perdidas, y otras han sido insertadas o impuestas. Entre la amalgama de creencias y significaciones de la muerte que hoy atraviesan el continente, el común denominador sigue siendo la necesidad de despedir al ser amado a través de un ritual para el cual es requerido su cuerpo.
La desaparición forzada es un crimen ̶i̶n̶v̶i̶s̶i̶b̶l̶e̶ invisibilizado, un crimen negado y el que más impunidad tiene. Es un delito profundamente violento que busca producir dolor, miedo y control. Hablamos de los “chupaderos” en Argentina, los “falsos positivos” en Colombia o los “levantados” en México, por mencionar algunos de los términos que son una realidad cotidiana y a su vez de la cual no se puede hablar.
El dolor de la desaparición forzada no es ajeno a casi ningún país en nuestra región, y sus razones aunque diversas, son suspicazmente similares. Las guerras civiles, las dictaduras y los megaproyectos económicos legales e ilegales, dejan a su paso ausencias, vacíos y preguntas, los hilos sueltos de Latinoamérica.
En un intento de reconexión con las prácticas ancestrales, en esta obra retomamos el manto mortuorio como acto ritual, para abrazar la ausencia de nuestros desaparecidos, recordar a los “nadie”, a los “NN”. Queremos visibilizar lo (que quieren hacer) invisible.
Las mujeres latinoamericanas, como colectivo, somos el sujeto político que le ha hecho frente a la violencia y la política del terror que quieren imponernos con las desapariciones. Somos las que buscamos1, denunciamos y exigimos verdad y justicia. Somos Las Madres de la plaza de Mayo contra el “Proceso”, buscando a sus hijos y nietos en Argentina. Somos Las Madres de Soacha contra el terrorismo de estado en Colombia, mal llamado “falsos positivos”. En México somos Las Madres de Ciudad Juárez, buscando a sus hijas en el desierto y Las Rastreadoras de Sinaloa, que tienen más éxito encontrando los cuerpos de sus desaparecidos que cualquier autoridad. Somos Las Arpilleristas de Chile plasmando en sus bordados la búsqueda de sus familiares. Somos la resistencia! Somos la memoria viva!
“Son tantos día a día
los que simplemente no aparecen que un día no cabrán en el subsuelo y brotarán y cubrirán todo este territorio”2Quisimos mostrar rostros de víctimas y evitar la despersonalización de los números y las estadísticas, números que además no han sido más que subregistros de una realidad atroz, pues la huella del terror que deja la desaparición forzada en nuestras sociedades no es mensurable. Y números en los cuales no se incluyen a las víctimas indirectas3, las familias, que cargan con un dolor casi perpetuo y a quienes ningún gobierno está interesado en dar respuestas.
El arte textil tan relegado de las artes, como todo lo femenino (o feminizado), salvaguarda la historia de los pueblos, y ha servido como medio de denuncia y memoria de la mujer latinoamericana. Nos resulta más que oportuno usar el arte textil para visibilizar una lucha tan femenina como lo es la búsqueda de personas desaparecidas.
Utilizamos una técnica de unión andina llamada espina de pez, costura en la que las puntadas se alternan para tomar cada paño por arriba y por debajo, formando una espiga que articula el encuentro de las partes4.
Frente al peso del alma, tomamos los hilos sueltos de nuestros desaparecidos y creamos una envolvente para el vacío que dejan, para llenar su cosmos de color e inmortalidad. Siguen presentes en nuestra memoria, los abrazamos, y gritamos fuerte
¡PRESENTE, PRESENTE, PRESENTE!
1. En Colombia, que es un caso cercano a nosotras, según el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, para el periodo 1934-2014, el 90,77% de los reportes de desaparición forzada se hizo por mujeres, principalmente madres, seguidas de compañeras sentimentales y esposas, después hermanas y finalmente hijas.
2. Fragmento de “Desaparecidos” poema de Jesús María Peña Marín (Chucho Peña) Actor, poeta y cantor. Nació el 22 de febrero de 1962 en Medellín. El 30 de abril de 1986, a la edad de 24 años, fue desaparecido en Bucaramanga y posteriormente asesinado.
3. Únicamente en Colombia y Perú se realiza el registro de víctimas indirectas de desaparición forzada, sin dejar de ser un subregistro que presenta incongruencias entre diferentes organismos.
4. María Soledad Hoces de la Guardia & Paulina Brugnoli. (2006). Manual de técnicas textiles andinas: Terminaciones. Santiago, Chile: Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes de Chile.
Patricia Catalán Benítez. Chilena, historiadora y artista plástica.
Vicky Martínez Stumpf. Chilena, Museógrafa y diseñadora textil.
https://qenqotextilstudio.wixsite.com/qenqo
Sandra Ciro Contreras. Colombiana, arquitecta y bordadora.
Las tres convergimos en Montréal, Canadá por azares del destino, lo cual es un eufemismo para no decir “por la falta de oportunidades en nuestros países”, y nos reunimos entorno a la lucha feminista y el despertar social en toda Latinoamérica.
