El Pop siempre ha sido nuestro

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Por Benjamín J. M. Martínez Castañeda.

El más reciente número de esta revista se titula Divas (Contra) Pop, pero yo invitaría a una reflexión invertida: Contradivas Pop; ya que si lo dejamos como la revista lo propone, implicaría pensar el Pop como un agente fagocitador, y considero que puede ser todo lo contrario. Elaboro mi idea. Creemos que el Pop es la estrategia que todo lo apropia, banaliza y despolitiza, sin embargo, el problema está en los medios en los que el mensaje se transmite; y para muestra, tenemos a Madonna. De antemano pido una disculpa a todas esas maricas que tienen a esta señora como ídolo. Continúo con mi explicación. Si pensamos en ella, debemos verla como producto de una industria cultural, es decir, es una fórmula que se repite porque tiene éxito; Madonna es la copia de Marilyn Monroe, y a su vez es el pastiche de Marlene Dietrich en “El Ángel Azul”. Los arquetipos de la femme fatale (Monroe) y de vampiresa (Dietrich) han sido sus pilares desde 1984.

Otro ejemplo desde la Reina del Pop puede ser Vogue. Una canción que inaugura la última década del siglo XX, que marca una época importante en el mundo (la lucha contra el VIH-SIDA, la caída del muro de Berlín, la disolución de la URSS, la derogación del apartheid, entre otros sucesos). Dicha canción puede representar libertad, pero lo que no vemos es el ejercicio de apropiación cultural que la industria hace del Vogue, un movimiento dancístico afrolatino queer de los años 60 que simula las poses de los jeroglíficos egipcios y de las modelos de la revista “Vogue” (Gavaldon y Segade, 2020). Este movimiento dancístico desarrolló un estilo y una estética, encontró en la simulación la fantasía de ser lo que el sistema blanco, norteamericano y heterosexual no le permitía ser. Y este estilo fue desterritorializado y cooptado por Madonna en la entrega de premios MTv de 1990 y en el 2012 con “Girl Gone Wild”.

En la misma pista de baile del “Vogue” nos encontramos con la ilusión del travestismo, aquella que moldea la imagen exterior (look), donde el menos es más y el más es más. Así, desde el travestismo, la fantasía se convierte en agencia; es decir, la imitación desde el estigma, la periferia y la precariedad constituye un glamur que pone en jaque a los modelos hegemónicos de belleza, pues se es más bella que la belleza misma. Estamos ante la subversión de la Haute Couture, aquella que apropia modelos y estéticas culturales “menores”, “autóctonas” o “locales”, y las hace pasar por originales; sin embargo, con las travestis del tercer mundo siempre se sabe que estamos viendo fantasía, falsedad y simulacro. Lo que ellas hacen, es el diseño de sí mismas desde el hazlo con lo que tengas y puedas. Estas divas de la precariedad, son las madres del Pop; son las que imponen el estilo y la moda para después ser copiada por la industria cultural.

Lo que estoy buscando desarrollar, a partir de la tesis de Laurent de Sutter (2019), es que el Pop es una estética del afuera donde cualquier cosa es válida; es una ambigüedad donde no se busca decir nada, pero se pretende introducir significaciones afectivas. Aquí es donde mi hipótesis entra, nos han enseñado a ver lo Pop como un estilo reglado, es decir, un estilo que responde a normas y juicios estandarizados; un ejemplo de esto puede ser RuPaul´s Drag Race, donde todas sus Drag Queens reiteran el estilo de belleza heterosexual norteamericana a partir de la imitación de Britney Spears, Lady Gaga o Judy Garland. A diferencia del estilo Pop, el cual es un “estilo del harapo, del bostezo por hambre, del campo de refugiados, del solitario sin imaginación, el estilo pobre” (Sutter, 2019, p. 19); donde podemos encontrar a dragas como Marsha P. Johnson o Hija de Perra, aquellas que enaltecieron el glamur de la precariedad.

Así pues, reitero la invitación para pensar al Pop como agencia y no como cooptación; ya que la primera está más cercana a lo Camp (Meyer, 1994), y la segunda al Espectáculo (Debord, 1995). Desde lo Camp, el Pop funciona como crítica cultural y producción de visibilidad social queer; es importante mencionar que Moe Meyer ve en las notas de Susan Sontag sobre lo Camp (1964), que al haberlo definido como un estilo frívolo de sensibilidad homosexual lo coloca en un lugar dominante y sesgado, y olvida que lo Camp es una estrategia queer para ser sujeto de representación y producir visibilidad social (Meyer, 1994). Mientras que, el Espectáculo es la constitución de los signos de la producción reinante que unifica y explica la gran diversidad (Debord, 1995, p. 10); entonces, el Pop es el drama social que se explica desde la sociedad del espectáculo.

Es por ello que considero que el Pop siempre ha sido nuestro, pues los productos culturales de las disidencias sexuales crean códigos que se insertan en la cultura de masas, y que es ahí donde se cooptan desde la moda, la televisión, las revistas, el cine y todo aquello que se ha llamado industria cultural; entonces, invito a leer lo Pop de manera torcida, como una contralectura para hacer una genealogía de los estilos y signos que vemos en el arte industrial (o lo que conocemos como Pop Art) y en la cultura de masas (cultura pop). De tal suerte que, el glamur de las oprimidas siempre será el punto de partida para las hegemónicas.

Fuentes de consulta.

Debord, Guy, (1995). La Sociedad del espectáculo. Santiago de Chile: Quattrocento.

Gavaldon, Sabel y Manuel Segade, (2020). Elements of Vogue. Ciudad de México: CA2M.

Meyer, Moe, “Introduction. Reclaming the discourse of Camp”, en Meyer, Moe, (ed.), (1994). The politics and poetics of Camp. Nueva York: Routledge.

Sutter, Laurent de, (2019). ¿Qué es la Pop-Filosofía? Buenos Aires: Cactus.

Semblanza:

Candidato a Doctor en Artes por el INBAL, actualmente es profesor de la Facultad de Artes y Diseño (UNAM), donde forma parte del Seminario de Creación, Diseño y Gestión de Exposiciones “Patricia Real Fierros” con la investigación Museologías LGBTTTIQ+. Cuenta con publicaciones en Hysteria! Revista, la Agenda Kuir, así como en los libros Todos los mundos posibles editado por la UNAM, Manifiestos Cuir editado por la UAM y Cartografías de la educación de educación artística editado por la Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Lleva la dirección del Museo Digital de la Insurrección Sexual, y es co-curador del Instituto de Investigaciones Noa Noa.